#---------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Name: clroses.py # Purpose: Class definitions for Roses interactive display programs. # # Author: Ric Werme # WWW: http://WermeNH.com/roses # # Created: June 2007 # CVS-ID: $Id$ # Copyright: Public Domain, please give credit where credit is due. # License: Sorry, no EULA. #---------------------------------------------------------------------------- # This is yet another incarnation of an old graphics hack based around # misdrawing an analytic geometry curve called a rose. The basic form is # simply the polar coordinate function r = cos(a * theta). "a" is the # "order" of the rose, a zero value degenerates to r = 1, a circle. While # this program is happy to draw that, much more interesting things happen when # one or more of the following is in effect: # 1) The "delta theta" between points is large enough to distort the curve, # e.g. 90 degrees will draw a square, slightly less will be interesting. # 2) The order of the rose is too large to draw it accurately. # 3) Vectors are drawn at less than full speed. # 4) The program is stepping through different patterns on its own. # While you will be able to predict some aspects of the generated patterns, # a lot of what there is to be found is found at random! # The rose class has all the knowledge to implement generating vector data for # roses and handles all the timing issues. It does not have the user interface # for changing all the drawing parameters. It offers a "vision" of what an # ideal Roses program should be, however, callers are welcome to assert their # independence, override defaults, ignore features, etc. from math import sin, cos, pi # Rose class knows about: # > Generating points and vectors (returning data as a list of points) # > Starting a new rose (e.g. telling user to erase old vectors) # > Stepping from one pattern to the next. class rose: "Defines everything needed for drawing a rose with timers." # The following data is accessible by callers, but there are set # methods for most everything and various method calls to client methods # to display current values. style = 100 # Angular distance along curve between points sincr = -1 # Amount to increment style by in auto mode petals = 2 # Lobes on the rose (even values have 2X lobes) pincr = 1 # Amount to increment petals by in auto mode nvec = 399 # Number of vectors to draw the rose minvec = 0 # Minimum number acceptable in automatic mode maxvec = 3600 # Maximum number acceptable in automatic mode skipvec = 0 # Don't draw this many at the start (cheap animations) drawvec = 3600 # Draw only this many (cheap animations) step = 20 # Number of vectors to draw each clock tick draw_delay = 50 # Time between roselet calls to watch pattern draw wait_delay = 2000 # Time between roses in automatic mode # Other variables that the application shouldn't access. verbose = 0 # No good way to set this at the moment. nextpt = 0 # Next position to draw on next clock tick # Internal states: INT_IDLE, INT_DRAW, INT_SEARCH, INT_WAIT, INT_RESIZE = range(5) int_state = INT_IDLE # Command states CMD_STOP, CMD_GO = range(2) cmd_state = CMD_STOP # Return full rose line (a tuple of (x, y) tuples). Not used by interactive # clients but still useful for command line and batch clients. # This is the "purest" code and doesn't require the App* methods defined # by the caller. def rose(self, style, petals, vectors): self.nvec = vectors self.make_tables(vectors) line = [(1.0, 0.0)] for i in range (1, vectors): theta = (style * i) % vectors r = self.cos_table[(petals * theta) % vectors] line.append((r * self.cos_table[theta], r * self.sin_table[theta])) line.append((1.0, 0.0)) return line # Generate vectors for the next chunk of rose. # This is not meant to be called from an external module, as it is closely # coupled to parameters set up within the class and limits set up by # restart(). Restart() initializes all data this needs to start drawing a # pattern, and clock() calls this to compute the next batch of points and # hear if that is the last batch. We maintain all data we need to draw each # batch after the first. theta should be 2.0*pi * style*i/self.nvec # radians, but we deal in terms of the lookup table so it's just the index # that refers to the same spot. def roselet(self): line = [] stop = self.nextpt + self.step keep_running = True if stop >= self.endpt: stop = self.endpt keep_running = False for i in range (self.nextpt, stop + 1): theta = (self.style * i) % self.nvec r = self.cos_table[(self.petals * theta) % self.nvec] line.append((r * self.cos_table[theta], r * self.sin_table[theta])) self.nextpt = stop return line, keep_running # Generate sine and cosine lookup tables. We could create data for just # 1/4 of a circle, at least if vectors was a multiple of 4, and share a # table for both sine and cosine, but memory is cheaper than it was in # PDP-11 days. OTOH, small, shared tables would be more cache friendly, # but if we were that concerned, this would be in C. def make_tables(self, vectors): self.sin_table = [sin(2.0 * pi * i / vectors) for i in range(vectors)] self.cos_table = [cos(2.0 * pi * i / vectors) for i in range(vectors)] # Rescale (x,y) data to match our window. def rescale(self, line, offset, scale): for i in range(len(line)): line[i] = (line[i][0] * scale + offset[0], line[i][1] * scale + offset[1]) return line # Euler's Method for computing the greatest common divisor. Knuth's # "The Art of Computer Programming" vol.2 is the standard reference, # but the web has several good ones too. Basically this sheds factors # that aren't in the GCD and returns when there's nothing left to shed. # N.B. Call with a >= b. def gcd(self, a, b): while b != 0: a, b = b, a % b return a # Erase any old vectors and start drawing a new rose. When the program # starts, the sine and cosine tables don't exist, build them here. (Of # course, if an __init__() method is added, move the call there. # If we're in automatic mode, check to see if the new pattern has neither # too few or too many vectors and skip it if so. Skip by setting up for # a one tick wait to let us get back to the main loop so the user can # update parameters or stop. def restart(self): if self.verbose: print 'restart: int_state', self.int_state, 'cmd_state', self.cmd_state try: tmp = self.sin_table[0] except: self.make_tables(self.nvec) new_state = self.INT_DRAW self.takesvec = self.nvec / self.gcd(self.nvec, self.style) if not self.takesvec & 1 and self.petals & 1: self.takesvec /= 2 if self.cmd_state == self.CMD_GO: if self.minvec > self.takesvec or self.maxvec < self.takesvec: new_state = self.INT_SEARCH self.AppSetTakesVec(self.takesvec) self.AppClear() self.nextpt = self.skipvec self.endpt = min(self.takesvec, self.skipvec + self.drawvec) old_state, self.int_state = self.int_state, new_state if old_state == self.INT_IDLE: # Clock not running self.clock() elif old_state == self.INT_WAIT: # May be long delay, restart self.AppCancelTimer() self.clock() else: return 1 # If called by clock(), return and start clock return 0 # We're in INT_IDLE or INT_WAIT, clock running # Called from App. Recompute the center and scale values for the subsequent pattern. # Force us into INT_RESIZE state if not already there so that in 100 ms we'll start # to draw something to give an idea of the new size. def resize(self, size, delay): xsize, ysize = size self.center = (xsize / 2, ysize / 2) self.scale = min(xsize, ysize) / 2.1 self.repaint(delay) # Called from App or above. From App, called with small delay because # some window managers will produce a flood of expose events or call us # before initialization is done. def repaint(self, delay): if self.int_state != self.INT_RESIZE: # print 'repaint after', delay self.int_state = self.INT_RESIZE self.AppCancelTimer() self.AppAfter(delay, self.clock) # Method that returns the next style and petal values for automatic # mode and remembers them internally. Keep things scaled in the # range [0:nvec) because there's little reason to exceed that. def next(self): self.style += self.sincr self.petals += self.pincr if self.style <= 0 or self.petals < 0: self.style, self.petals = \ abs(self.petals) + 1, abs(self.style) if self.style >= self.nvec: self.style %= self.nvec # Don't bother defending against 0 if self.petals >= self.nvec: self.petals %= self.nvec self.AppSetParam(self.style, self.petals, self.nvec) # Resume pattern drawing with the next one to display. def resume(self): self.next() return self.restart() # Go/Stop button. def cmd_go_stop(self): if self.cmd_state == self.CMD_STOP: self.cmd_state = self.CMD_GO self.resume() # Draw next pattern elif self.cmd_state == self.CMD_GO: self.cmd_state = self.CMD_STOP self.update_labels() # Centralize button naming to share with initialization. # Leave colors to the application (assuming it cares), we can't guess # what's available. def update_labels(self): if self.cmd_state == self.CMD_STOP: self.AppCmdLabels(('Go', 'Redraw', 'Backward', 'Forward')) else: # Must be in state CMD_GO self.AppCmdLabels(('Stop', 'Redraw', 'Reverse', 'Skip')) # Redraw/Redraw button def cmd_redraw(self): self.restart() # Redraw current pattern # Backward/Reverse button # Useful for when you see an interesting pattern and want # to go back to it. If running, just change direction. If stopped, back # up one step. The resume code handles the step, then we change the # incrementers back to what they were. (Unless resume changed them too.) def cmd_backward(self): self.sincr = -self.sincr self.pincr = -self.pincr if self.cmd_state == self.CMD_STOP: self.resume(); self.sincr = -self.sincr # Go forward again self.pincr = -self.pincr else: self.AppSetIncrs(self.sincr, self.pincr) # Forward/Skip button. CMD_STOP & CMD_GO both just call resume. def cmd_step(self): self.resume() # Draw next pattern # Handler called on each timer event. This handles the metered drawing # of a rose and the delays between them. It also registers for the next # timer event unless we're idle (rose is done and the delay between # roses is 0.) def clock(self): if self.int_state == self.INT_IDLE: # print 'clock called in idle state' delay = 0 elif self.int_state == self.INT_DRAW: line, run = self.roselet() self.AppCreateLine(self.rescale(line, self.center, self.scale)) if run: delay = self.draw_delay else: if self.cmd_state == self.CMD_GO: self.int_state = self.INT_WAIT delay = self.wait_delay else: self.int_state = self.INT_IDLE delay = 0 elif self.int_state == self.INT_SEARCH: delay = self.resume() # May call us to start drawing if self.int_state == self.INT_SEARCH: delay = self.draw_delay # but not if searching. elif self.int_state == self.INT_WAIT: if self.cmd_state == self.CMD_GO: delay = self.resume() # Calls us to start drawing else: self.int_state = self.INT_IDLE delay = 0 elif self.int_state == self.INT_RESIZE: # Waiting for resize event stream to settle self.AppSetParam(self.style, self.petals, self.nvec) self.AppSetIncrs(self.sincr, self.pincr) delay = self.restart() # Calls us to start drawing if delay == 0: if self.verbose: print 'clock: going idle from state', self.int_state else: self.AppAfter(delay, self.clock) # Methods to allow App to change the parameters on the screen. # These expect to be called when the associated paramenter changes, # but work reasonably well if several are called at once. (E.g. # tkroses.py groups them into things that affect the visual display # and warrant a new start, and things that just change and don't affect # the ultimate pattern. All parameters within a group are updated # at once even if the value hasn't changed. # We restrict the style and petals parameters to the range [0: nvec) # since numbers outside of that range aren't interesting. We don't # immediately update the value in the application, we probably should. # NW control window - key parameters def SetStyle(self, value): self.style = value % self.nvec self.restart() def SetSincr(self, value): self.sincr = value def SetPetals(self, value): self.petals = value % self.nvec self.restart() def SetPincr(self, value): self.pincr = value # SW control window - vectors def SetVectors(self, value): self.nvec = value self.style %= value self.petals %= value self.AppSetParam(self.style, self.petals, self.nvec) self.make_tables(value) self.restart() def SetMinVec(self, value): if self.maxvec >= value and self.nvec >= value: self.minvec = value def SetMaxVec(self, value): if self.minvec < value: self.maxvec = value def SetSkipFirst(self, value): self.skipvec = value self.restart() def SetDrawOnly(self, value): self.drawvec = value self.restart() # SE control window - timings def SetStep(self, value): self.step = value def SetDrawDelay(self, value): self.draw_delay = value def SetWaitDelay(self, value): self.wait_delay = value # Method for client to use to have us supply our defaults. def SupplyControlValues(self): self.update_labels() self.AppSetParam(self.style, self.petals, self.nvec) self.AppSetIncrs(self.sincr, self.pincr) self.AppSetVectors(self.nvec, self.minvec, self.maxvec, self.skipvec, self.drawvec) self.AppSetTiming(self.step, self.draw_delay, self.wait_delay)